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Chăm sóc rốn cho trẻ sơ sinh

Cập nhật lúc: 8:02:35 SA - 07/02/2014

Rốn trẻ sơ sinh thường rụng sau sinh 5-15 ngày (trung bình là 7 ngày). Các trường hợp rốn lâu rụng thường do dùng thường xuyên các chất sát trùng, do mắc một số bệnh ở rốn hoặc do nhiễm khuẩn. Trẻ bị nhiễm khuẩn rốn có thể bị đe dọa tính mạng.

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Chăm sóc rốn cho trẻ sơ sinh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa tỉnh Cao Bằng. Ảnh: Ánh Tuyết

 

Các biện pháp chăm sóc rốn sạch

Đảm bảo nguyên tắc vô khuẩn nghiêm ngặt lúc sinh. Cắt rốn bằng dụng cụ vô trùng. Rửa tay trước và sau khi chăm sóc rốn và khi chăm sóc trẻ.

Giữ rốn và vùng xung quanh sạch, khô cho đến khi rụng. Khi rốn bị nhiễm bẩn phân hoặc nước tiểu, dùng gạc hoặc một mảnh khăn bằng vải cotton nhúng nước sạch (có thể với chút xà phòng) để rửa cuống rốn. Lau kỹ rốn bằng khăn sạch. Không được dùng bông gòn khô để lau rốn vì có thể sợi bông sẽ dính dưới cuống rốn.

Để rốn hở, không băng kín rốn bằng băng gạc dày. Mặc quần áo sạch sẽ và không quấn trẻ quá chặt để không khí có thể lưu thông. Mặc tã dưới rốn. Hạn chế sờ, đụng vào cuống rốn và vùng quanh rốn để tránh nhiễm trùng từ tay không sạch.

Tháo kẹp rốn khi cuống rốn đã khô teo. Không nhất thiết phải tắm trẻ mỗi ngày. Khi rốn chưa rụng, nên tắm kiểu đầu và chân để giữ rốn được khô. Không cần dùng dung dịch sát trùng rốn trong chăm sóc rốn bình thường. Không đắp hoặc bôi bất cứ chất gì lên rốn.

Khi nào cần đến cơ sở y tế?

Cần đưa trẻ đến cơ sở y tế để khám ngay nếu thấy trẻ có bất cứ biểu hiện nào sau đây: rốn rỉ dịch mủ vàng, hôi hoặc chảy máu; da vùng xung quanh rốn sưng nề đỏ; rốn rỉ dịch kéo dài sau khi đã rụng hơn 2 ngày; trẻ sốt, bú kém.

Nhiễm trùng rốn thường là do nhiễm tụ cầu vàng hoặc trực khuẩn gram âm đường ruột. Một số trường hợp trẻ bị uốn ván rốn do bà mẹ không được tiêm phòng uốn ván lúc mang thai và thủ thuật chăm sóc không vô trùng. Biểu hiện là rốn đỏ và chảy mủ hôi, có quầng đỏ xung quanh, có thể gây chảy máu rốn. Bệnh có thể tiến triển nặng thành nhiễm trùng huyết với biểu hiện: trẻ ngủ li bì, bú kém, sốt hoặc hạ thân nhiệt; có thể bị viêm cơ thành bụng, hoại tử cân cơ mạc, viêm phúc mạc, viêm động mạch hoặc tĩnh mạch rốn, gây thuyên tắc tĩnh mạch gan hoặc áp-xe gan.

Các dung dịch sát trùng rốn có thể dùng: nước muối sinh lý, cồn 70 độ, cồn iốt 2 - 3%. Dùng bông sạch hoặc gạc vô trùng thấm dung dịch sát trùng lau sạch rốn, lau từ vùng chân rốn (nên nâng cuống rốn lên để có thể lau sạch vùng chân rốn).

Lau sạch thuốc sát trùng còn đọng lại ở chân rốn. Không đắp gạc hoặc rắc bột kháng sinh lên rốn. Không được cắt lể da xung quanh rốn.

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