Tin tức và sự kiện

Tác hại của tiếng ồn

Cập nhật lúc: 4:23:37 CH - 12/01/2011

Những tác hại về mặt sức khỏe do tiếng ồn đem lại có thể gồm: giảm thính lực, cao huyết áp, tim mạch, các bệnh đường tiêu hóa, rối loạn giấc ngủ, nhược dương, giảm ham muốn tình dục, dị dạng thai nhi, thậm chí tử vong...

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Ảnh minh họa

1. Giảm thính lực

Cơ chế của sự giảm hoặc mất thính lực là do tổn thương các nhung mao ở xoắn tai. Một chuỗi tiếng động liên tiếp với độ lớn 85 decibel có thể làm giảm thính lực. Đó có thể là âm thanh của sự hỗn độn giao thông, một bản nhạc rock (âm lượng 110-120 decibel)... Do vậy, bạn không nên để tai tiếp xúc với tiếng ồn 85 decibel hơn 1 giờ mỗi ngày.

 

2. Bệnh tim mạch

Năm 1999, Tổ chức Y tế thế giới (WHO) đã đưa ra những dữ kiện cho thấy có sự liên hệ giữa cao huyết áp và việc tiếp xúc lâu dài với tiếng ồn 67-70 decibel. Những nghiên cứu gần đây cũng cho thấy nếu nghe âm lượng trên 50 decibel lúc đêm sẽ có nguy cơ bị nhồi máu cơ tim do cơ thể sản xuất quá nhiều và liên tục cortisol.

 

3. Ảnh hưởng lên thai nhi

Cơ quan Bảo vệ môi trường Mỹ năm 1978 đã chỉ ra sự liên hệ giữa tiếng ồn và trẻ em sinh thiếu cân, dị dạng khi thai phụ tiếp xúc lâu với tiếng ồn như sống gần sân bay, nơi ồn ào... Những dị tật thai nhi bị tiếng ồn gây ra gồm sứt môi, hở vòm miệng, tổn thương cột sống.

Phôi thai có khả năng nhận âm thanh và phản ứng với âm thanh bằng vận động và sự thay đổi nhịp tim. Sự tiếp xúc với tiếng ồn có thể gây hại cho bào thai ngay sau khi thụ thai 16-60 ngày. Thai phụ khi nghe tiếng ồn mạch máu sẽ co lại, vì vậy không đủ oxy và dưỡng khí cung cấp cho thai nhi, làm trẻ sinh thiếu cân.

 

4. Căng thẳng (stress)

Tiếng ồn có thể gây mất ngủ, suy sụp tinh thần và căng thẳng thần kinh.

 

5. Khó khăn trong học tập

Khi trẻ tiếp xúc thường xuyên với tiếng ồn sẽ gặp khó khăn trong việc phát triển các kỹ năng nghe và nói. Những nghiên cứu cho thấy khi trẻ học tập trong môi trường có quá nhiều tiếng ồn sẽ tiếp thu bài học chậm hơn những trẻ học tập trong môi trường yên tĩnh; hoặc bị nghèo nàn về từ ngữ, kỹ năng viết cũng hạn chế... Trẻ học trong các lớp có gắn loa phóng thanh quá lớn cũng bị ảnh hưởng đến sự tiếp thu bài giảng.

 

DS Nguyễn Bá Huy Cường
(ĐH Dược Murdoch, Úc)

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